相信这几天报考PMP考试的同学都有收到一封来自PMI的邮件,刚看标题,有些同学还以为PMP考试脱期了呢,其实这封邮件是告诉大家,PMP考试纲领即将改变了,酿成最新的考试纲领,该纲领适用于中国区2020年9月及以后的PMP考试会应用新改版的PMP考试纲领。那么PMP考试纲领主要在哪些方面发生了变化呢? 以下是汇总本次改变的要点以及我们针对此次改变的几点应对建议:改变的要点说明1、新版纲领从以前的以5大历程组(启动(13%)、计划(24%)、执行(31%)、监控(25%)、收尾(7%))来划分考试模块改为划分以人员治理(42%)、历程治理(50%)和商业情况治理(8%)划分出题模块。以上百分比为各个模块所对应的出题比重;2、从考预测型生命周期项目治理方法论改为预测型和敏捷型平分秋色,纳入近一半的Agile敏捷实践。敏捷宣言、原则和方法论从一个备考的可选项酿成一个必选项;3、强调项与其运行的商业情况的相互影响,故而商业分析的实践能力也会在未来的PMP考试中有所偏重。
美国项目治理协会所尽力推广的商业分析师(PBA认证)考试的焦点或关键内容未来会成为PMP考生挥之不去的事业情况因素。基于以上的PMP纲领改变的要点说明,我们可以直接的感受到未来的PMP考试涉及的内容会更广,所涉及的理论体系会越发切合时下项目治理实践的诉求。在当今庞大多变的项目治理情况中,项目治理从业者在种种各样的项目情况中事情,一定会接纳差别的项目方法。
PMP认证试图笼罩业界所有有效的项目治理方法,PMP考试规模会笼罩预测型生命周期(即瀑布式开发模式)为代表的项目治理方法,也会考察敏捷或混淆型项目治理方法。值得注意的是预测型、敏捷和混淆型方法的考察将贯串以上表格所列的三大领域中,而不是单独泛起在某一项领域中。以下内容是针对详细领域的详细说明:(划重点,内容较多请多点耐心)领域一、人——42% People—42%1、任务 1 Task 1(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.5治理团队历程的工具:冲突治理(PMBOK第六版书籍第348-349页))治理冲突• 说明冲突泉源和阶段• 分析冲突发生的配景• 评估/建议/协调适当的冲突解决方案Manage conflict• Interpret the source and stage of the conflict• Analyze the context for the conflict•Evaluate/recommend/reconcile the appropriate conflict resolution solution2、任务 2 Task 2(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建设团队历程的工具:人际关系与团队技术(PMBOK第六版书籍第341页))向导团队• 设定清晰的愿景和使命• 支持多元化和包容性(如行为模式、思维历程)• 重视仆人式向导力(如在团队中实行仆人式向导原则)• 确定适当的向导力气势派头(如下令型、协作型)• 激励、勉励并影响团队成员/相关方(如团队契约、社会契约、奖励制度)• 分析团队成员和相关方的影响• 区分向导种种团队成员和相关方的差别方法Lead a team• Set a clear vision and mission• Support diversity and inclusion (e.g., behavior types, thought process)• Value servant leadership (e.g., relate the tenets of servant leadership to the team)• Determine an appropriate leadership style (e.g. directive, collaborative)• Inspire, motivate, and influence team members/stakeholders (e.g., team contract, social contract, reward system)• Analyze team members and stakeholders’ influence• Distinguish various options to lead various team members and stakeholders3、任务 3 Task 3(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建设团队历程的输出:团队绩效评价(PMBOK第六版书籍第343页))支持团队绩效• 凭据关键绩效指标评估团队成员绩效• 支持和认可团队成员生长和发展• 确定适当的反馈途径• 验证绩效的提高Support team performance• Appraise team member performance against key performance indicators• Support and recognize team member growth and development• Determine appropriate feedback approach• Verify performance improvements4、任务 4 Task 4(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 项目资源治理的趋势和新兴实践(PMBOK第六版书籍 P310页))授权团队成员和相关方• 围绕团队优势举行组织• 支持团队的任务职责• 评估任务职责的说明• 决议并授予差别级此外决议权Empower team members and stakeholders• Organize around team strengths• Support team task accountability• Evaluate demonstration of task accountability• Determine and bestow level(s) of decision-making authority5、任务 5 Task 5(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建设团队历程的工具:培训(PMBOK第六版书籍第342页))确保团队成员/相关方获得充实培训• 确定培训所需的能力和要素• 凭据培训需求确定培训方案• 为培训分配资源• 权衡培训效果Ensure team members/stakeholders are adequately trained• Determine required competencies and elements of training• Determine training options based on training needs• Allocate resources for training• Measure training outcomes6、任务 6 Task 6(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.3获取资源历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第328-335页))建设团队• 评估相关方的技术• 推断项目资源需求• 连续评估和更新团队技术以满足项目需求• 维护团队和知识转移Build a team• Appraise stakeholder skills• Deduce project resource requirements• Continuously assess and refresh team skills to meet project needs• Maintain team and knowledge transfer7、任务 7 Task 7(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 项目资源治理的趋势和新兴实践(PMBOK第六版书籍 P310页))处置惩罚并移除团队面临的难题、障碍和阻碍• 确定团队的重要故障、障碍和阻碍• 为团队的故障、障碍和阻碍排定优先级• 使用人际往来实施解决方案,以移除团队的故障、障碍和阻碍• 连续评估,以确保团队的故障、障碍和阻碍获得处置惩罚Address and remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team• Determine critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team• Prioritize critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team• Use network to implement solutions to remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team• Re-assess continually to ensure impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team are being addressed8、任务 8 Task 8(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定项目章程的输入:商业文件(商业论证和效益治理计划)和协议(PMBOK第六版书籍第33、77-78页))协商项目协议• 分析协议的协商界限• 评估优先级并确定最终目的• 验证项目协议的目的是否告竣• 到场协议协商• 确定协商计谋Negotiate project agreements• Analyze the bounds of the negotiations for agreement• Assess priorities and determine ultimate objective(s) • Verify objective(s) of the project agreement is met• Participate in agreement negotiations• Determine a negotiation strategy9、任务 9 Task 9(关联PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.2计划相关方到场历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第516-522页))和治理相关方到场历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第523-529页))与相关方互助• 评估相关方的到场需求• 优化相关方需求、期望和项目目的的一致性• 建设信任并影响相关方以告竣项目目的Collaborate with stakeholders• Evaluate engagement needs for stakeholders• Optimize alignment between stakeholder needs, expectations, and project objectives• Build trust and influence stakeholders to accomplish project objectives10、任务 10 Task 10(关联PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.3治理相关方到场历程的工具:人际关系与团队技术(PMBOK第六版书籍第527页))建设共识• 分析形势并找出误解的基础原因• 观察所有须要的各方,以告竣共识• 支持各方同意的结果• 观察潜在的误解Build shared understanding• Break down situation to identify the root cause of a misunderstanding• Survey all necessary parties to reach consensus• Support outcome of parties' agreement• Investigate potential misunderstandings11、任务 11 Task 11(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建设团队历程的工具:虚拟团队(PMBOK第六版书籍第340页))到场并支持虚拟团队• 检查虚拟团队成员的需求(如情况、地理、文化、全球性等) • 研究虚拟团队成员到场的备选方案(如相同工具和集中办公)• 实施虚拟团队成员到场的方法• 连续评估虚拟团队成员到场的有效性Engage and support virtual teams• Examine virtual team member needs (e.g., environment, geography, culture, global, etc.)• Investigate alternatives (e.g., communication tools, colocation) for virtual team member engagement• Implement options for virtual team member engagement • Continually evaluate effectiveness of virtual team member engagement12、任务 12 Task 12(关联PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.1计划资源治理历程的输出:团队章程(PMBOK第六版书籍第319页)和第13章 13.3治理相关方到场历程的工具:基本规则(PMBOK第六版书籍第528页))界说团队基本规则• 与团队和外部相关方交流组织的原则• 建设促使遵守基本规则的情况• 治理和纠正违反基本规则的行为Define team ground rules• Communicate organizational principles with team and external stakeholders• Establish an environment that fosters adherence to the ground rules• Manage and rectify ground rule violations13、任务 13 Task 13(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指导与治理项目事情历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第90-97页))指导有关相关方• 分配指导的时间• 识别并使用可指导的时机Mentor relevant stakeholders• Allocate the time to mentoring• Recognize and act on mentoring opportunities14、任务 14 Task 14(关联PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1计划相同治理历程的工具人际关系与团队技术(PMBOK第六版书籍第375-376页))运用情商提高团队绩效• 通过使用个性指数来评估行为• 分析个性指数,适应关键项目相关方的情感需要Promote team performance through the application of emotional intelligence• Assess behavior through the use of personality indicators• Analyze personality indicators and adjust to the emotional needs of key project stakeholders领域二、历程——50% Process—50%1、任务 1 Task 1(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定项目章程的输入:商业文件(商业论证和效益治理计划)和阶段关口的观点(PMBOK第六版书籍第21页))以交付商业价值所需的紧迫性执行项目• 评估增量交付价值的时机• 自始至终检查项目的商业价值• 支持团队凭据需要细分项目任务,以找到最小可用产物Execute project with the urgency required to deliver business value• Assess opportunities to deliver value incrementally• Examine the business value throughout the project• Support the team to subdivide project tasks as necessary to find the minimum viable product2、任务 2 Task 2(关联PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1计划相同治理历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第366-378页)和10.2治理相同历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第379-388页))治理相同• 分析所有相关方的相同需求• 确定所有相关方的相同方法、渠道、频率和详细水平• 对项目信息和更新举行有效相同• 确认相同被明白并收到反馈Manage communications• Analyze communication needs of all stakeholders• Determine communication methods, channels, frequency, and level of detail for all stakeholders• Communicate project information and updates effectively• Confirm communication is understood and feedback is received3、任务 3 Task 3(关联PMBOK第六版 第11章 11.1计划风险治理历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第401-408页)和11.3实施定性风险分析历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第419-427页))评估和治理风险• 确定风险治理方法• 迭代评估风险和确定风险优先级Assess and manage risks• Determine risk management options• Iteratively assess and prioritize risks4、任务 4 Task 4(关联PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.1识别相关方历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第507-515页)和13.2计划相关方到场历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第516-522页))调动相关方到场• 分析相关方(如权力利益方格、支配权、影响力)• 相关方分类• 凭据相关方分类调动相关方到场• 制定、实施并验证相关方到场的计谋Engage stakeholders• Analyze stakeholders (e.g.power interest grid, influence, impact)• Categorize stakeholders• Engage stakeholders by category• Develop, execute, and validate a strategy for stakeholder engagement5、任务 5 Task 5(关联PMBOK第六版 第7章 7.3制定预算历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第250-256页)和9.1计划资源治理历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第312-320页))计划和治理预算与资源• 凭据项目规模和以往项目的履历教训来预计所需预算• 预测未来的预算挑战• 监控预算偏差,并凭据需要配合治理历程做出调整• 计划和治理资源Plan and manage budget and resources• Estimate budgetary needs based on the scope of the project and lessons learned from past projects• Anticipate future budget challenges• Monitor budget variations and work with governance process to adjust as necessary• Plan and manage resources6、任务 6 Task 6(关联PMBOK第六版 第6章 6.5制定进度计划的工具敏捷公布计划(PMBOK第六版书籍第216页))计划和治理进度• 评估项目任务(里程碑、依赖关系、故事点)• 使用标杆对照和历史数据• 基于方法论准备制定进度• 基于方法论权衡连续希望• 基于方法论,按需要修革新度• 协调其他项目和运营Plan and manage schedule• Estimate project tasks (milestones, dependencies, story points)• Utilize benchmarks and historical data• Prepare schedule based on methodology• Measure ongoing progress based on methodology• Modify schedule, as needed, based on methodology• Coordinate with other projects and other operations7、任务 7 Task 7(关联PMBOK第六版 第8章 8.1计划质量治理历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第277-287页)和8.2治理质量历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第288-297页))计划和治理产物/可交付结果的质量• 确定项目可交付结果的质量尺度• 凭据质量差距推荐革新方案• 连续观察项目可交付结果的质量Plan and manage quality of products/deliverables• Determine quality standard required for project deliverables• Recommend options for improvement based on quality gaps • Continually survey project deliverable quality8、任务 8 Task 8(关联PMBOK第六版 第5章 项目规模治理(PMBOK第六版书籍第129-171页))计划和治理规模• 确定需求及其优先级• 规模剖析(如WBS,待服务项列表)• 监控和确认规模Plan and manage scope• Determine and prioritize requirements• Break down scope (e.g., WBS, backlog)• Monitor and validate scope9、任务 9 Task 9(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定项目治理计划历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第82-89页))整合项目计划运动• 合并项目/阶段计划• 评估合并的项目计划之间的依赖关系、差距和连续商业价值 • 分析收集的数据• 收集并分析数据以做出明智的项目决议• 确定关键信息需求Integrate project planning activities• Consolidate the project/phase plans• Assess consolidated project plans for dependencies, gaps, and continued business value• Analyze the data collected• Collect and analyze data to make informed project decisions• Determine critical information requirements10、任务 10 Task 10(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.6实施整体变换控制历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第113-120页))治理项目变换• 预测并接受变换需要(如遵循变换治理实践)• 确定应对变换的计谋• 凭据方法论执行变换治理计谋• 确定变换响应措施以推动项现在进Manage project changes• Anticipate and embrace the need for change (e.g., follow change management practices)• Determine strategy to handle change• Execute change management strategy according to the methodology• Determine a change response to move the project forward11、任务 11 Task 11(关联PMBOK第六版 第12章 12.1计划采购治理历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第466-481页))计划和治理采购• 界说资源要求和需求• 相同资源需求• 治理供应商/条约• 计划和治理采购计谋• 制定交付方案Plan and manage procurement• Define resource requirements and needs• Communicate resource requirements• Manage suppliers/contracts• Plan and manage procurement strategy• Develop a delivery solution12、任务 12 Task 12(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定项目治理计划历程的输出设置治理计划(PMBOK第六版书籍第88页和第118页))治理项目工件• 确定治理项目工件的需求(内容、时间、所在、人员等)• 确认项目信息是最新的(即版本控制),且所有相关方均可会见• 连续评估项目工件治理的有效性Manage project artifacts• Determine the requirements (what, when, where, who, etc.) for managing the project artifacts• Validate that the project information is kept up to date (i.e., version control) and accessible to all stakeholders• Continually assess the effectiveness of the management of the project artifacts13、任务 13 Task 13(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 项目整合治理 裁剪时需要思量的因素(PMBOK第六版书籍第74页))确定适当的项目方法论/方法和实践• 评估项目需求、庞大性和数量级• 推荐项目执行计谋(如订立条约、财政)• 推荐一种项目方法论/方法(即预测、敏捷、混淆)• 在整个项目生命周期中使用迭代、增量的实践(如履历教训、相关方到场、风险)Determine appropriate project methodology/methods and practices• Assess project needs, complexity, and magnitude• Recommend project execution strategy (e.g., contracting, finance)• Recommend a project methodology/approach (i.e., predictive, agile, hybrid)• Use iterative, incremental practices throughout the project life cycle (e.g., lessons learned, stakeholder engagement, risk)14、任务 14 Task 14(关联PMBOK第六版 第2章 项目运行情况 项目治理(PMBOK第六版书籍第44页))制定项目治理结构• 确定适当的项目治理(如复制组织的治理)• 界说上报路径和临界值Establish project governance structure• Determine appropriate governance for a project (e.g., replicate organizational governance)• Define escalation paths and thresholds15、任务 15 Task 15(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指导与治理项目事情历程的输出问题日志(PMBOK第六版书籍第96页))治理项目问题• 识别风险何时转变为问题• 用最优的行动解决问题,以取得项目乐成• 与相关方互助找出解决问题的方法Manage project issues• Recognize when a risk becomes an issue• Attack the issue with the optimal action to achieve project success• Collaborate with relevant stakeholders on the approach to resolve the issues16、任务 16 Task 16(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.4治理项目知识历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第98-105页))确保知识转移,保持项目的一连性• 与团队讨论项目职责• 概述对事情情况的期望• 确定知识转移的方法Ensure knowledge transfer for project continuity• Discuss project responsibilities within team• Outline expectations for working environment• Confirm approach for knowledge transfers17、任务 17 Task 17(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定项目章程历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第75-81页)和4.7竣事项目或阶段历程(PMBOK第六版书籍第121-128页))计划和治理项目/阶段的收尾或移交• 确定乐成关闭项目或阶段的尺度• 确认移交准备情况(如运营团队或下一阶段)• 竣事项目或阶段的收尾运动(如最终教训总结、回首、采购、财政、资源)Plan and manage project/phase closure or transitions• Determine criteria to successfully close the project or phase• Validate readiness for transition (e.g., to operations team or next phase)• Conclude activities to close out project or phase (e.g., final lessons learned, retrospective, procurement, financials, resources)领域三、商业情况——8% Business Environment—8%1、任务 1 Task 1(关联PMBOK第六版 第2章 项目运行情况 项目治理(PMBOK第六版书籍第44页))计划和治理项目的合规性• 确认项目合规性要求(如掩护措施、康健与宁静、羁系合规性)• 对合规种别举行分类• 确定在合规性方面的潜在威胁• 使用方法来支持合规性• 分析不合规的结果• 确定须要的方法和行动来满足合规性(如风险、执法)• 权衡项目合规性的水平Plan and manage project compliance• Confirm project compliance requirements (e.g., security, health and safety, regulatory compliance)• Classify compliance categories• Determine potential threats to compliance• Use methods to support compliance• Analyze the consequences of noncompliance• Determine necessary approach and action to address compliance needs (e.g., risk, legal)• Measure the extent to which the project is in complianc2、任务 2 Task 2(关联PMBOK第六版 第1章 引论 项目效益治理计划(PMBOK第六版书籍第33页))评估并交付项目收益和价值• 观察已确定的收益• 记载所有权协议,以连续实现收益• 验证丈量系统是否到位,以跟踪收益• 评估交付方案以展示价值• 评估相关方的价值获取历程Evaluate and deliver project benefits and value• Investigate that benefits are identified• Document agreement on ownership for ongoing benefit realization• Verify measurement system is in place to track benefits • Evaluate delivery options to demonstrate value• Appraise stakeholders of value gain progress3、任务 3 Task 3(关联PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定项目章程的输入:商业论证(PMBOK第六版书籍第29、77页))评估和处置惩罚外部商业情况变化对规模的影响• 观察外部商业情况的变化(如法例、技术、地缘政治、市场) • 基于外部商业情况,评估对项目规模/待服务项的影响,并对其举行优先排序• 为规模/待服务项变化推荐方案(如进度、成本变化)• 连续审查外部商业情况变化对项目规模/待服务项的影响Evaluate and address external business environment changes for impact on scope• Survey changes to external business environment (e.g., regulations, technology, geopolitical, market)• Assess and prioritize impact on project scope/backlog based on changes in external business environment• Recommend options for scope/backlog changes (e.g., schedule, cost changes)• Continually review external business environment for impacts on project scope/backlog4、任务 4 Task 4(关联PMBOK第六版 第1章 引论 项目驱动厘革(PMBOK第六版书籍第6页))支持组织厘革• 评估组织文化• 评估组织厘革对项目的影响,并确定所需的行动• 评估项目对组织的影响,并确定所需的行动Support organizational change• Assess organizational culture• Evaluate impact of organizational change to project and determine required actions• Evaluate impact of the project to the organization and determine required actions几点建设性建议1、无论是PMP理论学习和实践体验,最好兼顾预测型和敏捷型的理论和实践。
重点掌握敏捷宣言、精益(Lean)思想、Scrum敏捷框架、极限编程(XP)实践和看板(Kanban)方法;2、强化项目与战略计划的关系,以及商业论证和需求分析的方式方法。重点掌握战略愿景、产物门路图、公布迭代计划、用户画像、用户故事、测试驱动开发(TDD)和界说完成(DOD)等内容的相关性;3、从考试成本的角度思量,最稳妥的措施固然是赶在考纲变化之前拿下PMP认证。更多精彩内容请点击“相识更多”。
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